, Workshop of Willem van Leefdael (Producer) Title The Battle of Actium from The Story of Caesar and Cleopatra Places Flanders (Object made in), Brussels (Object made in) Date Made 1670-1690 Medium Wool and silk, slit and double interlocking tapestry weave Inscriptions Marked and signed: Brussels city mark G Status Currently Off View Department Textiles Artists Geraert Peemans (Manufacturer) Their tragic deaths are not included in this suite. A few days later, Cleopatra followed his example. Rather than surrender to his enemy, Antony committed suicide. As depicted in the tapestry, the Egyptian fleet was destroyed by the Romans, and Antony fled to Egypt in Cleopatra’s boat. The decisive sea battle was fought at Actium, a promontory in northern Greece. Eventually Antony broke off relations with Octavian, and in 31 BCE civil war broke out again. Meanwhile, the triumvirate disintegrated, and Octavian rose to power in Rome. Disappointed, Antony left Italy and sailed to Alexandria, where he renewed his relationship with Cleopatra. Yet Octavian failed to support the endeavor. The following year, however, Antony returned to Rome and prepared a long-awaited campaign against the Parthians. Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire.During the winter of 42–41 BCE, Cleopatra became pregnant with twins. With his soldiers deserting him, Mark Antony took his own life and Cleopatra chose the same course, committing suicide on 12 August 30 BC. Octavian pursued them and captured Alexandria in 30 BC. Octavian was victorious and Cleopatra and Mark Antony fled to Egypt. In 31 BC, Mark Antony and Cleopatra combined armies to take on Octavian's forces in a great sea battle at Actium, on the west coast of Greece. They subsequently had three children - two sons and a daughter. In 41 BC, Mark Antony, at that time in dispute with Caesar's adopted son Octavian over the succession to the Roman leadership, began both a political and romantic alliance with Cleopatra. Ptolemy XIV died mysteriously at around this time, and Cleopatra made her son Caesarion co-regent. Cleopatra followed Caesar back to Rome, but after his assassination in 44 BC, she returned to Egypt. In 47 BC, Cleopatra bore Caesar a child - Caesarion - though Caesar never publicly acknowledged him as his son. Ptolemy was killed in the fighting and another brother was created Ptolemy XIII. Cleopatra, who had been exiled by her brother, was reinstalled as queen with Roman military support. Caesar followed and he and Cleopatra became lovers. Pompey fled to the Egyptian capital Alexandria, where he was murdered on the orders of Ptolemy.
In 48 BC, Egypt became embroiled in the conflict in Rome between Julius Caesar and Pompey. Whether she was as beautiful as was claimed, she was a highly intelligent woman and an astute politician, who brought prosperity and peace to a country that was bankrupt and split by civil war. They were married, in keeping with Egyptian tradition.
When her father Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC, Cleopatra became co-regent with her 10-year-old brother Ptolemy XIII. She is celebrated for her beauty and her love affairs with the Roman warlords Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.Ĭleopatra was born in 69 BC - 68 BC. © Cleopatra VII was the last ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty, ruling Egypt from 51 BC - 30 BC.
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